Statistical Terms Glossary

The necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Accompanying travelers: persons travelling together.

An account is a tool which records, for a given aspect of economic life, (a) the uses and resources or (b) the changes in assets and the changes in liabilities and/or (c) the stock of assets and liabilities existing at a certain time; the transactions accounts include a balance clause that is used for a side equation.

A Role that is very similar to Business Relationship Manager, but includes more commercial aspects. Most commonly used when dealing with External Customers.

The notion that individuals, including public officials, should be held responsible for their actions. Political accountability means the responsibility or obligation of government officials to act in the best interests of society or face consequences. Legal accountability concerns the mechanisms by which public officials can be held liable for actions that go against established rules and principles. In cases of crimes against humanity, accountability means that individuals should be held accountable by the state they occurred in or by the international community.

Accountability is the responsibility for the deterioration of the natural environment, implying the allocation of environmental costs to the economic activities that cause such deterioration.

The Process responsible for identifying actual Costs of delivering IT Services, comparing these with budgeted costs, and managing variance from the Budget.

Defined by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) as “the body of accounting principles that determine when the effects of transactions or events should be recognized for financial reporting purposes. It relates to the timing of the measurements made, regardless of the nature of the measurement.”

Those procedures and documentation concerned with safeguarding of assets, the conduct and recording of financial transactions and the reliability of financial records. They are frequently based on standards issued by the Ministry of Finance or the supreme audit institution (SAI) to ensure comparability of accounting practices across all ministries and conformity with national and/or international conventions.

A price used for accounting purposes (i.e., not a market price). Often used synonymously with shadow price.

In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.

Discount rate used to convert future values of benefits and costs into equivalent present values.

Ratio of accounting price to market price of a good.

Accounting standards are methodologies and disclosure requirements for the preparation and presentation of financial statements.

The set of accounting procedures, internal mechanisms of control, books of account, and plan and chart of accounts that are used for administering, recording, and reporting on financial transactions.

Remedial costs (restoration of land or site) are treated as land improvement. They are included in the fixed capital formation

The decommissioning costs should be recorded as capital formation when they are actually incurred but the deduction of these costs from income via consumption of fixed capital will have been made progressively over the life of the asset just as the “replacement costs” are.

Procedure by which a competent authority gives formal recognition that a qualified body or person is competent to carry out specific tasks. (For the purpose of the international guidelines on aquaculture certification).

Officially authorised to carry out a Role. For example an Accredited body may be authorised to provide training or to conduct Audits.

Adjustment of the difference between the price of a bond bought at an original discount and the par value of the bond.

Accrual accounting records flows at the time economic value is created, transformed, exchanged, transferred or extinguished; this means that flows which imply a change of ownership are entered when ownership passes, services are recorded when provided, output is entered at the time products are created and intermediate consumption is recorded when materials and supplies are being used.

See :Accrual rate

Continuous recording of interest costs, so matching the cost of capital with the provision of capital.

The rate at which pension benefits builds up as member service is completed in a defined benefit plan.

Reporting based on accrual accounting systems.

A part of the accounting records which records liabilities.

The amount of accumulated pension benefits of a pension plan member on the basis of years of service.

Accrued interest is interest which has accumulated but which is not legally due before a specified payment date

A bond's accumulated interest made since the last interest payment.