Statistical Terms Glossary

An adjustment made to the prices paid by non-market producers for labour, capital and intermediate inputs so that they correspond to a common level of multi-factor productivity.

Productivity change refers conceptually, the combined effects of changes in technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, disembodied technical change, and economies of scale. When measured residually, additional factors bear on the residual, in particular the rate of capacity utilisation and measurement errors.

This can be measured in physical terms (production/labour) or in monetary terms (turnover/labour). Indicators of labour productivity are interesting elements of comparison which call for careful standardization of calculation procedures for composite fisheries.

Products, also called “goods and services”, are the result of production; they are exchanged and used for various purposes: as inputs in the production of other goods and services, as final consumption or for investment.

Professional support for students includes two sub- categories. The first is Pedagogical support at International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 0-4 and Academic support at ISCED 5-6; the second is Health and social support at ISCED 0-6.

Method to analyse the legal, operational and accounting structure of an enterprise group at national and world level, in order to establish the statistical units within that group, their links, and the most efficient structures for the collection of statistical data.

In economic theory, profit is the surplus earned above the normal return on capital. Profits emerge as the excess of total revenue over the opportunity cost of producing the good. Thus, a firm earning zero economic profits is still earning a normal or competitive return. Positive economic profits therefore indicate that a firm is earning more than the competitive norm.

A process that companies undergo to determine the best output and price levels in order to maximize its return.

refers to definite arrangements under which workers regularly receive, in addition to their wages and salaries, a share on some predetermined basis, in the profits of the undertaking, the sum allocated to workers varying with the level of profits.

Contract where the contractor makes contributions to the investment project and his remuneration substantially depends on a share of the investment project.

Measures of profitability figure prominently in both the empirical literature in industrial organization and in the resolution of anti-trust cases. At issue is the extent to which observed (accounting) measures of profitability can indicate the presence of monopoly power.

Ratios that measure the return on assets.

The profits of export monopolies consist of the profits transferred to governments of export marketing boards, or other public enterprises exercising a monopoly over the exports of some good or service

The profits of fiscal monopolies consist of the profits of fiscal monopolies which are transferred to government.

Fiscal monopolies are public corporations, public quasi-corporations, or government-owned unincorporated enterprises that have been granted a legal monopoly over the production or distribution of a particular kind of good or service in order to raise revenue; the products involved are those which are often subjected to excise taxes, such as tobacco, alcoholic beverages, fuels, etc).

The profits of import monopolies consist of the profits transferred to governments of import marketing boards, or other public enterprises exercising a monopoly over the import of some good or service

Loan to assist a country make adjustment to a series of relatively short-term economic policy objectives.

Program budgeting attempts to apply cost-benefit analysis to the allocation decision, allocate expenditures by program, and assess results of programs in relation to objectives.

Bank loan given not for a specific project but to help a country overcome unforeseen temporary difficulties which would otherwise result in inappropriate long-term policy adjustments to correct short-term balance of payments problems.

Using a computer to measure and track the relationship between a stock's cash value and a variety of so-called derivative instruments such as stock options and futures indexes and trading on the results. Program traders often trade in very large quantities and therefore have a major influence on the market. Basket trading and program trading are often used synonymously but program trading is sometimes associated only with market closing prices.

The systematic application of gender analysis methods to health problems to better understand how life conditions, opportunities and environments affect the health of women and men and boys and girls.

The type of subsequent education or destination for which completers are eligible or type of labour market positions for which they prepare graduates.