Statistical Terms Glossary

The ratio defined by the central bank for each category of eligible balance sheet items included in the reserve base. The ratio is used to calculate reserve requirements.

Reserve requirements are the minimum reserves required for depository institutions. They are set by the central bank within limits specified by laws for depository institutions. A change in the minimum reserve ratio affects the amount of its deposit base a financial institution can lend out. Reserve requirements are an instrument of monetary policy

A pond, lake or basin, either natural or artificial, for the storage, regulation and/or control of water. Small reservoirs are called tanks in India and dams in some other countries.

Loan where the interest rate is fixed for a specific period and reset after a specific period of time.

An institutional unit has a centre of economic interest within a country when there exists some location - dwelling, place of production, or other premises - within the economic territory of the country on, or from, which the unit engages and intends to continue engaging, either indefinitely or over a finite but long period of time, in economic activities and transactions on a significant scale. The location needs not to be fixed so long as it remains within the economic territory

An institutional unit is resident in a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country.

The Draft Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services states that individuals and institutional units changing countries are normally only considered resident in the new country after one year, although the one year guideline may be interpreted flexibly.

At the university tertiary level of education a distinction is made between resident and non-resident foreign students. The aim is to distinguish between foreign students who are resident in the country as a result of a prior migration by themselves or their parents and who subsequently enrol in a tertiary level programme (“resident foreign students”) (e.g. children or parents of families with work visas or permits or with diplomatic appointments, refugees, immigrants with permanent residence status, etc.), and those who come to the country expressly for the purpose of pursuing their education (“non-resident foreign students”).

A building should be regarded as residential building when more than half of the floor area is used for dwelling purposes. Other buildings should be regarded as non-residential.
Two types of residential buildings can be distinguished:
- houses (ground-oriented residential buildings): comprising all types of houses (detached, semi- detached, terraced houses, houses built in a row, etc.) each dwelling of which has its own entrance directly from the ground surface;
- other residential buildings: comprising all residential buildings other than ground-oriented residential buildings as defined above.

The United Nations recommendations the following classification of residential buildings: Buildings co-existent with a single housing unit: - detached - attached Buildings containing more than one housing unit; - up to two floors; - from 3 to 10 floors; - eleven floors or more Buildings for persons living in institutions All others.

Residual maturity is the remaining time until the expiration or the repayment of the instrument

Amount of a pollutant that remains in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place.

A residual is the amount of a pollutant that remains in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place.

Resilience refers to the capacity of a natural system to recover from disturbance

Resistance is the ability of plants and animals to withstand poor environmental conditions and/or attacks by chemicals or disease

The capacity of natural capital to provide natural resources which can be drawn into the economy to be converted into goods and services for the benefit of mankind. Examples are mineral deposits, timber from natural forests, and deep sea fish.

Are those activities whose primary purpose is preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.

The resource management group comprises goods and services which are particular for natural resource management. Although environmental protection is excluded from the coverage of resource management, inevitably some products may be included which are associated with environmental protection although their prime purpose is not environmental protection (for example, those used for energy saving and management, renewable energy, etc.). The collection of data for this group is still in the developmental stage.

The ratio between available resources and use of those resources. IFC uses it to indicate the percentage of funds it allocates to projects.

The economic rent of a natural resource equals the value of capital services flows rendered by the natural resources, or their share in the gross operating surplus; its value is given by the value of extraction. Resource rent may be divided between depletion and return to natural capital.