Statistical Terms Glossary

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The Ottawa Declaration on Authentication for Electronic Commerce adopted by Ministers at the Ottawa Ministerial Conference on 7-9 October 1998 recognised the importance of authentication for electronic commerce. It outlined a number of actions to promote the development and use of electronic authentication technologies and mechanisms, including continuing work at the international level, together with business, industry and user representatives.

Smallholder who manages his own crops but is linked to a nucleus estate in the form of either a processing plant or a plantation.

The term 'out grower scheme' is often reserved for schemes where agri-business has considerable control over the smallholder production process, providing a large number of services, such as input credits, tillage, spraying and harvesting. The smallholder provides land and labour in return for this comprehensive extension/input package. The high-value horticultural export sector is currently the focus of considerable out grower scheme development.

A call option with a strike price above the price of the underlying asset or a put option with a strike price below the price of the underlying asset. Option hors du course is the term used in the MATIF.

Persons who access to out patient clinic in hospitals to receive health care.

Number of students from a given country studying abroad, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment in that country.

Outbound tourism is the tourism of resident visitors outside the economic territory of the country of reference.

Outbound tourism consumption comprises the consumption of resident visitors outside the economic territory of the country of reference and provided by non-residents. It does not include goods and services acquired for or after the trip within the country of reference.

Consequence: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon;

Refer to what is ultimately achieved by an activity, as distinct from its outputs which relate to more direct or immediate objectives. Thus, the outcome of a random breath-testing campaign conducted by the police may be a decline in the incidence of drink-related motor vehicle accidents, whilst one of the outputs could be the number of drivers charged with exceeding the legal alcohol limit. It is often difficult to measure outcomes.

An outfall sewer is any pipe or conduit used to carry either raw sewage or treated effluent to a final point of discharge into a body of water

A shop, market, service establishment, internet site, mail order service or other place from where goods and/or services can be purchased and from where the purchasers’ or list prices of the products sold can be obtained.

Values of items that lie outside of some bound, according to some determination of the bound.

Household out-of-pocket expenditure on health comprise cost-sharing, self-medication and other expenditure paid directly by private households, irrespective of whether the contact with the health care system was established on referral or on the patient’s own initiative.

Children in the official primary school age range who are not enrolled in pre-primary, primary or secondary schools.

The number of adolescents of lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the population of lower secondary school age. Calculation follows International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).

The number of children of primary school age who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the population of primary school age. Children enrolled in pre-primary education are excluded and considered out of school. Calculation follows the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).

Output is defined as the goods and services produced by an establishment,
a. excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not assume the risk of using the products in production,
and
b. excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services used for capital formation (fixed capital or changes in inventories) or own final consumption.

Output decay is the loss in the physical efficiency of an asset because, over time, it produces a smaller quantity of capital services for a given input of labour or materials

The process of comparing the price levels and price movements of similar products among different respondents and querying any outliers.

An output gap refers to the difference between actual and potential gross domestic product (GDP) as a per cent of potential GDP

Output produced for own final use consists of goods or services that are retained for their own final use by the owners of the enterprises in which they are produced

A measure of the change in the prices of goods and services sold as output by domestic producers. Covers both output sold on the domestic market and output sold as exports. Valuation is at basic prices.

Refer to what is produced directly or immediately by an activity. Depending on their nature, outputs may, or may not be straightforward to measure. Thus, the number of hospital cases treated by a doctor is likely to be easier to measure than the advice on a policy issue submitted by a health administrator to his chief executive or minister, which can only be evaluated in a qualitative and essentially subjective way.