Statistical Terms Glossary

Exposure profile of the World Bank. The difference between outgoings committed and amount needed to fund these outgoings. Also known as the gap.

Nearly level land along a stream flooded only when the streamflow exceeds the water carrying capacity of the channel.; An area adjacent to a stream or river, consisting of alluvial sediments, that is periodically inundated during periods of high stream flow.

Overcapacity in fishery is measured as the difference between the target capacity.

Occurs where the amount of harvesting capacity in a fishery exceeds the amount needed to harvest the desired amount of fish at least cost.

Overcapitalization refers to an actual capital stock that is in excess of that optimum capital stock required to produce some desired target output level. This desired output level can be either a regulated output level, such as total allowable catch or the capacity output level in an unregulated situation (i.e., without total allowable catches). Overcapitalization can be technological, in which case the optimum capital stock is that which corresponds to the minimum quantity of capital stock as determined by the production technology required to produce the desired output level, and given some capital utilization rate. Overcapitalization can be economic, in which case the optimum capital stock is that which minimizes the costs of producing the desired output level.

Error due to the inclusion in the sample of elements that do not belong there, Over-coverage arises from the presence in the frame of units not belonging to the target population and of units belonging to the target population that appear in the frame more than once.

The consumptive use of forest resources in order to provide benefit either individually or for a wider range of individuals.

Is the rate of exploitation where the resource stock is drawn below the size that, on average, would support the long term maximum potential yield of the fishery.

Exploited beyond that limit which is believed to be sustainable in the long term and beyond which there is an undesirably high risk of stock depletion and collapse. The limit may be expressed, for example, in terms of a minimum biomass or a maximum fishing mortality, beyond which the resource would be considered to be over-exploited.

The fishery is being exploited at above a level which is believed sustainable in the long term, with no potential room for further expansion and a higher risk of stock depletion/collapse.

A stock is overfished when its size is below a prescribed biomass threshold, regardless of the cause(s).

A state where fished populations are not able to easily recover to the pre-harvest number of animals or to levels where the populations can increase in numbers, i.e. a state of negative per-capita population growth.

The situation when the value of a plan’s assets are more than its liabilities, thereby having an actuarial surplus.

Overgrazing is grazing by livestock or wildlife to the point where the grass cover is depleted, leaving bare, unprotected patches of soil. As a result, water and wind cause erosion, especially on clay soils, and the growth of poisonous plants and thorny shrubs may increase.

See debt overhang.

Part of the renewable freshwater resources that is common to both surface water and groundwater. It is equal to groundwater drainage into rivers (typically, base flow of rivers) minus seepage from rivers into aquifers.

Products that appear on the product lists of two or more separate groups of countries for the purpose of combining the groups in a single multilateral comparison.

Is a computer network which is built on top of another network. Nodes in the overlay can be thought of as being connected by virtual or logical links, each of which corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network. For example, many peer-to-peer networks are overlay networks because they run on top of the Internet. Dial-up Internet is an overlay upon the telephone network.

The stage that follows commercial maturity and is when the fruit softens and loses part of its characteristic taste and flavour.

Short-term funds borrowed to be returned by the following business day.

A loan with a maturity of one business day. Also called day-to-day money.