Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.
Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.
Bilateral arrangement whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.
Voluntary export restraints (VER) are arrangements between exporting and importing countries in which the exporting country agrees to limit the quantity of specific exports below a certain level in order to avoid imposition of mandatory restrictions by the importing country. The arrangement may be concluded either at the industry or government level.
Established in 1991 in Visegrad, Hungary, to promote cooperation in Central Europe.
Are series at current domestic prices converted to a common currency by way of current Purchasing power parities ( PPPs). Because PPPs are price relatives of goods and services, this implies substituting the set of domestic prices by a set of international prices.
The Uruguay Round is the eighth round of multilateral trade negotiations conducted within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Launched in Punta del Este, Uruguay, in 1986 and concluded in December 1993, the final Uruguay Round agreement, signed in Marrakech in April 1994, embraces 136 participating countries (“contracting partners”) and came into effect in 1995
Is a convention under the auspices of the United Nations dealing with all matters relating to the Law of the Sea. UNCLOS embodies and enshrines the notion that all problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be addressed as a whole. It entered into force on 16 November 1994.
The call termination service used to terminate on network B a call which was originated on network A and there is a reciprocal relationship between the networks (each needs the other to terminate calls). The clearest example is the interconnection of two local fixed networks.
The call origination service used to originate a call on network A which is terminated on network B and there is a reciprocal relationship between the networks. The payment for this service is usually not set directly but is, in effect, the difference between the end-user price (the payment for the whole service) and the two-way termination charge (the payment for terminating).
