Statistical Terms Glossary

Goods which entered the country by pipeline and left the country by pipeline at a point different from the point of entry, after having been transported across the country solely by pipeline.

The movement of crude or refined liquid petroleum products or gases in a given pipeline network.

Enterprise formed to carry out in one or more places activities for the provision of transport services through oil or gas pipelines as its main activity according to the value added.

Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.

Refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer software. Copyright infringement of this kind is extremely common. Most countries have copyright laws which apply to software, but the degree of enforcement varies.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of achievement press was derived from students’ reports on the frequency with which, in their : the teacher wants students to work hard; the teacher tells students that they can do better; the teacher does not like it when students deliver work; and, students have to learn a lot. A four-point scale with the response categories ‘never’, ‘some lessons’, ‘most lessons’ and ‘every lesson’ was used. The indices were derived using the WARM estimator with ‘never’ coded as 1 and all other response categories coded as 0.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of comfort with and perceived ability to use computers was derived from students’ responses to the following questions: How comfortable are you with using a computer?; How comfortable are you with using a computer to write a paper?; How comfortable are you with taking a test on a computer?; and, If you compare yourself with other 15-year-olds, how would you rate your ability to use a computer? For the first three questions, a four-point scale was used with the response categories ‘very comfortable’, ‘comfortable’, ‘somewhat comfortable’ and ‘not at all comfortable’. For the last questions, a four-point scale was used with the response categories ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’. The indices were derived using the WARM estimator. For information on the conceptual underpinning of the index see Eignor et al. (1998).

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of disciplinary climate summarises students’ reports on the frequency with which, in their : the teacher has to wait a long time for students to ; students cannot work well; students don’t listen to what the teacher says; students don’t start working for a long time after the lesson begins; there is noise and disorder; and, at the start of class, more than five minutes are spent doing nothing. A four-point scale with the response categories ‘never’, ‘some lessons’, ‘most lessons’ and ‘every lesson’ was used. This index was inverted so that low values indicate a poor disciplinary climate.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of economic, social and cultural status was created on the basis of the following variables: the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI); the highest level of education of the student’s parents, converted into years of schooling; the PISA index of family wealth; the PISA index of home educational resources; and the PISA index of possessions related to “classical” culture in the family home.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of interest in computers was derived from the students’ responses to the following statements: it is very important to me to work with a computer; to play or work with a computer is really fun; I use a computer because I am very interested in this; and, I forget the time, when I am working with the computer. A two-point scale with the response categories ‘yes’ and ‘no’ was used. The indices were derived using the WARM estimator. For information on the conceptual underpinning of the index see Eignor et al. (1998).

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of teacher support was derived from students’ reports on the frequency with which: the teacher shows an interest in every student’s learning; the teacher gives students an opportunity to express opinions; the teacher helps students with their work; the teacher continues teaching until the students understand; the teacher does a lot to help students; and, the teacher helps students with their learning. A four-point scale with the response categories ‘never’, ‘some lessons’, ‘most lessons’ and ‘every lesson’ was used. The index was derived using the WARM estimator (Warm, 1985).

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) index of the use of school resources was derived from the frequency with which students reported using the following resources in their school: the school library; calculators; the Internet; and laboratories. Students responded on a five-point scale with the following categories: ‘never or hardly ever’, ‘a few times a year’, ‘about once a month’, ‘several times a month’ and ‘several times a week’. The index was derived using the WARM estimator.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI) was derived from students’ responses on parental occupation. The index captures the attributes of occupations that convert parents’ education into income. The index was derived by the optimal scaling of occupation groups to maximise the indirect effect of education on income through occupation and to minimise the direct effect of education on income, net of occupation (both effects being net of age). For more information on the methodology, see Ganzeboom et al. (1992). The PISA International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status is based on either the father or mother’s occupations, whichever is the higher.

To facilitate the interpretation of the scores assigned to students in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the PISA mean score for combined reading, mathematical and scientific literacy performance across OECD countries was set at 500 and the standard deviation at 100, with the data weighted so that each OECD country contributed equally.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) population refer to 15-year-old students, or students who were from 15 years and 3 (completed) months to 16 years and 2 (completed) months at the beginning of the testing period, and who were enrolled in an educational institution, regardless of the grade level or type of institution in which they were enrolled and of whether they participated in school full-time or part-time.

The place of birth is the civil division in which the person was born or, for those born in other countries, the country of birth. For persons born in the country where the census is taken (the native-born population), the concept of place of birth usually refers to the geographical unit of the country in which the mother of the individual resided at the time of the person’s birth. In some countries, however, the place of birth of natives is defined as the geographical unit in which the birth actually took place. Each country should explain which definition it has used in the census.

The place in which a railway passenger leaves the railway vehicle aft er being conveyed by it.

The place taken into account is the place where the passenger disembarked from an inland waterways transport (IWT) vessel after having been conveyed by it.

The place taken into account is the place where the passenger alighted from a road vehicle after having been conveyed by it.

The place in which a railway passenger boards the railway vehicle to be conveyed by it.

The place taken into account is the place where the passenger boarded an inland waterways transport (IWT) vessel to be conveyed by it.

The place taken into account is the place where the passenger boarded a road vehicle to be conveyed by it.

The place taken into account is the place at which the goods were first pumped-in or first compressed into a pipeline.

The place taken into account is the place in which the goods are loaded on a railway vehicle to be transported by it.

The place taken into account is the place where the goods were loaded on an inland waterways transport (IWT) freight vessel or where pusher tugs and tugs have been changed.

The place taken into account is the place in which the goods are loaded on a rail vehicle to be transported by it.

The place taken into account for loading is the place where the goods were loaded on a goods road motor vehicle or where the road tractor has been changed.

Refers to the civil subdivision of a country (district, county, municipality and province, department, state) in which a live birth or death, foetal death, marriage or divorce takes place.